Energy · Decarbonization · ESG — Milan

Joatham Jacob

From the emissions inventory to the measures that cut it.

Two years measuring emissions for industrial and corporate clients under the GHG Protocol, ISO 14064 and CSRD. Now I also rank the measures that cut them on marginal abatement cost curves, under EU ETS and CBAM.

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Featured case study · 2026

Decarbonising an already-green plant: Acciaieria Arvedi, Cremona

The first steelmaker with a certified net-zero claim. I set the claim aside, rebuilt the EAF plant's physical Scope 1 baseline from EU ETS data and costed a 2030 abatement package.

434,844 tCO₂

Verified Scope 1 baseline, CY2023 (EU ETS)

44.3%

Abated by the 2030 package: 192,494 tCO₂/yr

€11.44/t steel

Modelled package cost, about 1.8% of product value

€6.9M €32.6M

Annual ETS/CBAM liability, 2026 to 2034

2030 marginal abatement cost curve

Width = tCO₂ abated per year · height = €/tCO₂ (modelled)

Net saving Net cost Labels: €/tCO₂

2030 abatement measures
Measure	tCO₂/yr	€/tCO₂	€/t steel
Waste-heat recovery	9,000	−44	−0.13
Ladle + tundish electrification	14,000	55	0.25
Biocarbon substitution	113,494	137	4.93
Tunnel-furnace electrification	56,000	360	6.39
2030 package	192,494	187 wtd	11.44

One physical result, three accounting choices. Only the 138 kg CO₂/t intensity is physical; market-based Scope 2, offsets and a Scope 3 exclusion do the rest.
Emissions are near a record high. Verified Scope 1 is up about fifteen-fold since 2005; the plant is net short 82,536 allowances.
A real 2030 pathway is affordable. It clears the Mission Possible Partnership trajectory at under 2% of product value.
59% of it depends on one measure. Biocarbon needs ~36,400 t/yr of certified biochar; Europe's market is tens of kilotonnes.

Read the full study (PDF, 39 pp.)

Capex and opex are modelled estimates from public sources, not supplier quotes. Only the Scope 1 baseline is third-party verified.

More work

Tools I've built, and field work

Decarbonization · 2026

MACC and project finance tool

Live abatement cost curve, cheapest measures first, with payback, NPV, IRR, LCOE and levelised abatement cost per measure. Updates with the EU ETS price.

ReactViteSVG charts

Buildings · 2026

Building emissions benchmark & decarbonisation tool

Scope 1–2 for six building types in 20 European countries on IEA grid factors, benchmarked against EU peers, with CSRD checks and a 2050 net-zero pathway.

GHG ProtocolESRS E1React

ESG reporting · 2026

CSRD readiness assessment

About 40 weighted questions across all ten ESRS topics, scored 0–100 by section, with priority gaps, actions and each company category's CSRD timeline.

ESRSJavaScript

Buildings · 2026

CO₂ benchmark calculator

Operational carbon for commercial buildings: tCO₂e, kg CO₂e/m² and energy intensity by scope, rated against EU Taxonomy, EPBD and BREEAM.

GHG ProtocolEU TaxonomyReact

Energy monitoring In progress

Energy performance monitoring pipeline

Hourly meter data to a weather-normalised degree-day baseline, with deviations flagged in Power BI: ISO 50001-style monitoring.

Python · pandasRegressionPower BI

Field work · India

On-site audits and assessments

8 railway stations, Bihar: 25-day energy, water and load survey; prioritised interventions for each site
Biogas plant, Palakkad: performance vs design, root-cause analysis, feedstock lab tests
Solar: PVsyst sizing and costing; solar-powered trash compactor (B.Tech thesis, published 2020)

Knowledge

What I know, and where it shows

What I've covered moving from ESG reporting into industrial energy, and where I've used it.

01

Industrial energy systems

ISO 50001: energy review, significant energy uses, baselines, EnPIs, PDCA
Steam, compressed air, refrigeration, HVAC, motors and drives
Process heat, combustion and waste-heat recovery
Heat electrification: heat pumps to ~150 °C, electric boilers, resistance heating
Energy balances, P&IDs, three-phase power, power factor, load profiles, demand charges
ISO 14064-1/-2: organisational inventories, project-level reductions

Applied inArvedi case study·Railway station audits

02

Decarbonization methods

Marginal abatement cost curves: tCO₂e and €/t per measure
Project finance: payback, NPV, IRR, LCOE, levelised cost of abatement
SBTi Net-Zero Standard: absolute contraction, SDA and FLAG targets
CBAM: covered sectors, embedded emissions, reporting duties
EU ETS allowances and the free-allocation phase-out
Italian incentives: iperammortamento (after Transizione 5.0), Conto Termico, white certificates

Applied inArvedi MACC·MACC & finance tool

03

Sector depth: EAF steel

Scrap–EAF process and its Scope 1 sources: injected carbon, electrodes, gas, flux
Levers by maturity: waste-heat recovery, electrification, biocarbon, hydrogen DRI, CCU
Scrap quality and copper as the long-term constraint
ETS allocation, CBAM benchmarks and the 2026–2034 phase-out
2030 and 2050 pathways against MPP and E3G/PNNL sector benchmarks

Applied inArvedi 2030 package·2050 pathway (PDF)

04

Energy data and tools

Excel: Power Query, pivots, scenario and sensitivity models
Python (pandas): hourly meter data, degree-day baselines, anomaly flags
Power BI: energy performance dashboards
PVsyst: PV sizing and cost estimation
React/JavaScript: interactive carbon and finance tools

Applied inMACC & finance tool·Building emissions tool·Monitoring pipeline

ESG & carbon accounting

Inventories, disclosure and assurance

The numbers every decarbonization plan starts from, and the reports and audits they end up in.

GHG inventories

Scope 1–3 under the GHG Protocol and ISO 14064-1
Boundary setting and emission-factor selection
Project-level reductions under ISO 14064-2

Evidence2024 inventory, Industrious Global·Busatti footprint from on-site data·Scope 1–3 for Omtra clients

Reporting & disclosure

CSRD/ESRS, all ten standards
GRI, SASB, TCFD, IR, BRSR
CDP-style questionnaires, EU Taxonomy

EvidenceCSRD readiness tool·Busatti's first Impact Report·Five-framework benchmarking, Earth Academy·Practitioner badges

Assurance & data quality

Primary data collection and validation
Traceability and evidence records for auditors
B Corp and EcoVadis certification processes

EvidenceBusatti B Impact Assessment support (89.9 points)·B Corp and EcoVadis verification, Omtra·Data-quality controls, Industrious Global

Targets & climate claims

SBTi target frameworks
Testing net-zero claims against physical performance
Benchmarking commitments against sector standards

EvidenceArvedi net-zero claim assessment·M.Sc. thesis on corporate emission targets in agriculture

Life cycle assessment

Cradle-to-grave product LCA
LCA training, green procurement and waste management (M.Sc.)
Agricultural-university background, useful for agrifood LCA

EvidenceCartier product LCA, Omtra·M.Sc., University of Milan·B.Tech, TNAU

Supply chains & buildings

Supplier ESG screening before approval
Scope 1–2 tools for building portfolios
Benchmarking against EU Taxonomy, EPBD and BREEAM

EvidenceSupplier screening, Industrious Global·Building emissions tool·CO₂ benchmark calculator

Experience

Measurement first, now reduction

Emissions work for industrial, luxury-goods and corporate clients, often on site.

ESG Supply Chain & International Project Sourcing Intern
Industrious Global Technologies · MilanFeb – Aug 2025 Company carbon inventory, supplier ESG screening and management KPIs.
- Built the 2024 Scope 1–2 inventory from primary consumption data (GHG Protocol): boundary, emission factors and formal quality controls on department and supplier data.
- Screened international suppliers against ESG criteria before approval.
- Assessed reduction pathways, flagged efficiency opportunities and built the KPI tracking and reporting management used.
ESG Measurement Intern
Omtra S.r.l. Società Benefit · MilanNov 2023 – May 2024 B Corp consultancy: product LCA for Cartier; footprint and B Corp support for Busatti.
- Cartier: cradle-to-grave product life cycle assessment.
- Busatti, Tuscan textile maker since 1842: on-site energy and operational data at both production sites, and its carbon footprint.
- Supported Busatti's B Impact Assessment (89.9 points; 80 to certify, industry average 75.5) and its first statutory Impact Report as a Società Benefit: gas −13%, electricity −4%, solar self-generation +19%.
- Across clients: Scope 1–3 calculations, B Corp and EcoVadis verification support against source evidence, findings presented to clients.
ESG Analyst & E-learning Course Designer
Earth Academy Global · Amstelveen (remote)May 2021 – Nov 2022 Disclosure benchmarking, BRSR course design and client ESG trainings.
- Joined as a B.Tech intern: turned India's new BRSR framework into a 100-slide, expert-reviewed deck, then taught myself Articulate Storyline and built an interactive BRSR course in 16 days.
- Prepared training materials for programmes delivered with ISOS Group: GRI training in Dubai, ESG masterclass for Al-Dabbagh Group (Saudi Arabia).
- Stayed on as ESG Analyst: benchmarked disclosures against GRI, SASB, TCFD, IR and BRSR for international clients.
- Supported training for Tanmiah Food Company's sustainability team; developed training content on environmental solutions and renewable energy technologies.

Education

Graduation, Università degli Studi di Milano · July 2025

2022 – 2025 · Classe LM-75

M.Sc. Environmental Change and Global Sustainability

Università degli Studi di Milano · full scholarship · 100/110 · taught in English. Thesis: Emission Reduction Commitments in Global Agriculture.

Key coursework Sustainability accounting · Environmental economics & policy · Quantitative methods · Pollution control technology (29/30) · Chemistry of natural processes (28/30) · Waste management · LCA & GIS

2016 – 2021

B.Tech Energy and Environmental Engineering

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. Thesis: Design and Fabrication of a Solar Powered Trash Compactor, published by TNAU in 2020.

Key coursework Energy auditing · Renewable energy systems · Thermodynamics · Environmental impact assessment · Pollution control engineering · Environmental monitoring

Toolkit

Tools and languages

Software

Excel (advanced), Python (pandas), Power BI, React, Tableau, PVsyst, AutoCAD, QGIS

Carbon accounting & reporting

GHG Protocol Scope 1–3, CSRD/ESRS, GRI, SASB, TCFD, EU Taxonomy

Languages

English (C1, IELTS Academic 7.5 overall), Italian (B1), Malayalam (native), Tamil, Hindi

Certifications

Credentials

GHG 202: Basics of Project-Level GHG Accounting GHGMI · in progress
GHG Accounting: Corporate Standard GHG Protocol · 2026
ISO 50001 Energy Management Systems Coursera · 2026
Energy Audits · Energy Efficiency Fundamentals Schneider Electric · 2026
IGBC Accredited Professional IGBC

Organisations I've worked with

Cartier
Client
via Omtra
Busatti
Client
via Omtra
ISOS Group
Partner
via Earth Academy
Al-Dabbagh Group
Training client
via Earth Academy
Tanmiah Food Company
Training client
via Earth Academy
Insight Energy
Field work
Railway audits, Bihar
CGS Green Sustainergy
Field work
Railway audits, Bihar

Earth Academy · practitioner badges

ESG Strategy
ESG Reporting
GRI Standards
TCFD
Integrated Reporting
SDGs Reporting
Sustainability Reporting

Contact

Let's talk about your site's energy

Based in Milan, open to energy engineering, decarbonization, ESCo, ESG, carbon accounting and LCA roles in Italy and abroad. Happy to walk you through any model on this site.

joathamjacob@gmail.com LinkedIn Energy CV ESG CV